Monday, January 31, 2022

TONATIERRA: Indigenous Nationhood and Self Determination

Indigenous Nationhood and Self Determination
The Legacies of Colonialism
and the 1999 Treaty Study by Miguel Alfonso Martinez

January 31, 2022

Original Nations of Indigenous Peoples of Mother Earth

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In consideration of the adoption of Resolution 48/7 “Negative impact of the legacies of colonialism on the enjoyment of human rights” by the UN Human Rights Council (UNHRC) on 8 October 2021, and the call for input by the Expert Mechanism on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (EMRIP) as a subsidiary body to the UNCHR for a study whose purpose is to assess the extent to which article 37 of the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP) has been and is being implemented or considered nationally, we submit the following:

Background

The call for input by EMRIP is pursuant to Human Rights Council resolution 33/25 (2016) which reaffirmed General Assembly resolution 69/2 of 22 September 2014, in which the Assembly adopted the outcome document of the high-level plenary meeting of the Assembly, titled in dispute as the World Conference on Indigenous Peoples, and also amended the original mandate of EMRIP to include the preparation an annual study on the status of the rights of indigenous peoples worldwide in the achievement of the ends of UNDRIP, focusing on one or more interrelated articles of the Declaration.

During its fourteenth session in 2021, the Expert Mechanism decided to prepare a study on "Treaties, agreements and other constructive arrangements, between indigenous peoples and States, including peace accords and reconciliation initiatives, and their constitutional recognition" invoking UNDRIP Article 37 in the concept note as the singular reference for comment and submissions. The purpose of this Study is to assess the extent to which article 37 of the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples has been and is being implemented or considered nationally.

The Expert Mechanism held a closed virtual seminar, on 29 and 30 November and 1 December 2021, on the theme this study, which is to serve as the basis of draft study will be introduced by the Expert Mechanism at its annual session, due to take place from 11 to 15 July 2022, after which it will be finalized and presented to the Human Rights Council at its fifty-first session in September 2022.

Clarifications

Colonialism is not a “negative” impact. Colonialism is a crime in international law. The legacies of colonialism are not just “negative impacts” on the enjoyment of human rights. Colonialism in any form or manifestation, including economic exploitation, is incompatible with the UN Charter, the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples (UNGA 1514) and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Colonialism and genocide against Indigenous Peoples is a crime in progress against humanity and although colonialism did not become illegal in the International Westphalian System of state sovereignty (Treaty of Westphalia 1648 - AKA the UN system) until UNGA 1514 in 1960, according to the Traditional International Law of the Original Nations of Indigenous Peoples, colonization has always been not only a violation of the common spirit of humanity, but also a crime against the natural world and Mother Earth.

Only since the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (2007), with recognition of Indigenous Peoples as peoples equal to all other peoples have the decolonization procedures of UN 1514 and UN 1541 been available to be invoked on behalf of the right of Indigenous Self Determination. Yet, the Original Nations of Indigenous Peoples of Mother Earth have yet to make a formal intervention much less be integrated onto the agenda of the UN Decolonization Committee. This is the hard evidence of the institutionalized colonial legacy in the UN system.

As Original Nations of Indigenous Peoples of Mother Earth, as Nican Tlacah Cemanahuac – we hereby affirm our inherent Human Responsibility and corresponding Human Right of self-determination beyond the conceptual and procedural constraints of the geopolitical architecture of the member states UN system, and call upon our allies and Traditional Confederacies of Indigenous Nations to engage in a multilateral commitment with each other towards the dual goals of World Peace-Peace with Mother Earth as the foundation for our priority work in the international arena. Today we reemerge from our ancestral territories in the age of planetary climate crisis and invoke the Mandate of the Indigenous Peoples, calling upon all nations large and small to recognize, respect, and honor the Territorial Integrity of Mother Earth.

Indigenous People - Indigenous Peoples: International Standard - International Standards

The historical development of the International legal system of the UN as exists today is to a large extent an extrapolation of the nationalism and international protocols which derive from the political premises of Christendom. One feature of these protocols, vis-a-vi the Original Nations of Indigenous Peoples has been the technique of reductions, perfected by the Spanish empire under the colonial policy of las reducciones. In 2010, the UN Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues addressed this in the Preliminary Study on the Impact of the Doctrine of Discovery. Nevertheless, in spite of the calls by the UNPFII to repudiate and dismantle the colonial Doctrine of Discovery as a “nefarious” and pervasive element of colonialism in today’s world, the logical and necessary connection to the procedures and appropriate protocols for decolonization under UN 1514 and UN 1541 were never made and the 2010 UNPFII study has stagnated in a political “preliminary” purgatory.

An obvious consequence of this “negative legacy” of colonialism in the continent of Abya Yala Great Turtle Island [Americas] has been the international impunity allowed to the colonizing successor states of the Americas who derive their purported claims of territorial integrity in the hemisphere to the racist, colonial, and legaloid claims under the Doctrine of Discovery of Christendom, as instituted under the Alexandrian Papal Bulls (1493). Alternately called the “Salt Water” or “Ultramar” doctrine, the colonization, genocide, and territorial dispossession against the Original Nations continues to be thus normalized in the continent by being shielded from the decolonization procedures of UNGA 1514 and UNGA 1541. Today, in collusion with the global apparatus of corporate colonizing consortia, the medieval colony has morphed into the international trade zone, and the Papal Bulls are now written by the international trade representatives at their service. In consequence, the right of the Original Nations of Indigenous Peoples to self-determination is reduced to that of the civil or human rights as ethnic groups or minorities under the colonizer’s settler state constitutional framework.

This is relevant to the issue under consideration, because just as the principle of “Christian Discovery” was used to purportedly claim jurisdiction over the territories and nationality of the non-Christian Indigenous Peoples, today we see that the UN High Level Plenary Meeting of 2014, which is fraudulently called the World Conference on Indigenous Peoples has operated to the same effect at the global level. This is due to the fact that all UN bodies are operating under the System Wide Action Plan which emerged from the outcome document of the 2014 High Level Plenary Meeting, which in turn pivots on the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples UNDRIP (2007). The net effect is a global reduction system presided over by the UN itself.

In similar manner as there existed the League of Nations before the UN, the UN Human Rights Council was preceded by the UN Human Rights Commission. It was the Sub Commission on Prevention of Discrimination and Protection of Minorities under the UN Human Rights Commission that requested Dr. Miguel Alfonso Martínez to serve as Special Rapporteur and realize the “Study on treaties, agreements and other constructive arrangements between States and indigenous populations” which he presented in final form in 1999. The Martinez study of 1999 was in turn itself rooted in the recommendations of the 1982 Study of the Problem of Discrimination against Indigenous Populations by Sr. Martínez Cobo.

Significantly, the original resolution on this theme in 1987 by the Sub-Commission on Prevention of Discrimination and Protection of Minorities was precise and definitive in identifying the Indigenous Treaty issues with the colonizing states as a category of international importance in its own right, and in its own light of evaluation apart from agreements and other constructive arrangements. The original resolution by the Sub-Commission was titled “Study on treaties concluded between indigenous peoples and States”.

There is no mention of any of this in the call for submissions by EMRIP for the current study. There is no reference to the 1999 Martínez Treaty study at all. It is as if Christopher Columbus is president of the EMRIP and has decided that whatever he sees, he is the first one to see it.

In 1994, the Sub-Commission on the Prevention of Discrimination and Protection of Minorities working on the Draft United Nations declaration on the rights of Indigenous Peoples approved the Original Text of the declaration. This Original Text was the product of many years of deliberation—a process that allowed for a degree of meaningful and decisive participation of Indigenous Peoples from around the world.

That same year, a move was made to redraft the Original Declaration under the Working Group on the Draft Declaration (WGDD). Debate continued for eleven more years. Then, in September 2004, the WGDD’s Chairperson-Rapporteur, Louis Enrique Chavez, announced his intention to present his own version to the Human Rights Commission. This proposal was challenged on November 29, 2004, by a five-day prayer fast/hunger strike by six Indigenous delegates to the WGDD at UN headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland. With the support and solidarity of Indigenous Peoples from around the world, the Indigenous delegates demanded that the Original Text, which the Sub-Commission on the Prevention of Discrimination and Protection of Minorities had approved, be recognized as the only legitimate version of the declaration and be advanced as such on the floor of the UN General Assembly. Representatives of the UN Commission on Human Rights (also called the CHR) made assurances that, if no consensus could be achieved by the end of the 2004 session of the Working Group, the only version of the declaration that would be submitted to the full Commission would be the Sub-Commission Text as approved in 1994. With these assurances, the hunger strike/prayer fast came to an end.

This agreement was subsequently violated and then betrayed.

Of the original 45 articles in the Original Text of the declaration approved by the Sub Commission in 1994, only four remained unchanged in the final version of UNDRIP adopted in 2007. Article 37 is not one of them.

The UNDRIP Article 37 which serves as singular reference for the present EMRIP treaty study is based on the wording of the original article 36 as approved by the Sub-Commission and supported by the Indigenous delegations in Geneva.

Sub-Commission on Prevention of Discrimination and Protection of Minorities

Original Sub-Commission Text

Article 36

Indigenous peoples have the right to the recognition, observance and enforcement of treaties, agreements and other constructive arrangements concluded with States or their successors, according to their original spirit and intent, and to have States honour and respect such treaties, agreements, and other constructive arrangements. Conflicts and disputes which cannot otherwise be settled should be submitted to competent international bodies agreed to by all parties concerned.

Conclusion

Prior to the convening of the General Assembly High Level Plenary Meeting in 2014, a UN Indigenous Preparatory Meeting was held in Alta, Norway from June 10-12, 2013. The following intervention from the floor of the Alta Conference was presented by one of the indigenous delegates:

“We call for the restitution of the primary source materials and testimony that was lent to the United Nations system as fundamental to the evidence in document form of the systemic (system to system) nature of the legal relationships between the Nations of Indigenous Peoples and the member states of the UN system for the purpose of the Treaty Study conducted by Dr. Miguel Alfonso Martinez of Cuba.

Such delivery should be initial act of good faith in terms of the continuing process of systemic documentation among the Nations of Indigenous Peoples and the UN system prior to and as a necessary act of condition to allow for the full and effective participation of the Indigenous Peoples in the High-Level Plenary Meeting on an equal basis and without systemic discrimination in the process of producing the Final Outcome Document of the High-Level Plenary Meeting of the General Assembly 2014.”

This intervention was never recorded in the official reports from Alta, much less integrated into the Alta Outcome document, nor considered by the UN member states at their 2014 High Level Plenary Meeting, fraudulently called the World Conference on Indigenous Peoples.

Acknowledging the period 2021–2030 as the Fourth International Decade for the Eradication of Colonialism designated by the General Assembly, we now resubmit the 1999 Miguel Alfonso Martinez Study to the UN Human Rights Commission, in light of the principle that the prohibition against discrimination is a preemptive norm in international law, and that as Indigenous Peoples we are equal in right to all other peoples, including in the right of Self Determination and a clean, healthy, and sustainable environment for the future generations.

We call for the UN Human Rights Commission to review and revamp the UN website platforms to allow for the 1999 Martinez Treaty Study to be readily accessible to all, as well as the precursor Cobo Study of 1982.

We commit to continue our international Working Group of Indigenous Peoples, and just as when Special Rapporteur Miguel Alfonso Martinez visited our territories for the purposes of his Treaty Study, we shall not be deterred in our efforts to continue the development of international standards that recognize, respect, and protect our right of self-determination as Original Nations of Indigenous Peoples of Mother Earth. In terms of international standards, in a contemporary plural and multilateral context, we will not be limited to the compromised version of the 2007 UNDRIP, under which EMRIP is bound via the constraints established by the System Wide Action Plan which was dictated and then subscribed by the 2014 High Level Plenary Meeting and their minions.

The original principles of the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples have been subverted from the trajectory of delivering an International Convention on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples to a global reduction schema, a geopolitical scam that would attempt to domesticate our inherent collective rights as Indigenous Peoples under the state defined systems of jurisprudence and jurisdiction, country by country.

With the intent to ensure accountability and effectiveness in the global struggle to eradicate colonialism, we commit now to the realization of the recommendation made by Special Rapporteur Martinez in his final report to establish a Treaty Registry that would reconstitute the original materials compiled by the Special Rapporteur, and integrate the indigenous geopolitical systems of jurisgenesis, jurisprudence, jurisdiction and judgment.

TONATIERRA

tonal@tonatierra.org

WWW.TONATIERRA.ORG

UN Treaty Study Final Report by Miguel Alfonso Martínez,
Special Rapporteur (1999)

The HLPM 2014 and the Territorial Integrity of Mother Earth

Fundamental to the right of nationality, as members of the Nations of Indigenous Peoples of Abya Yala, the Great Turtle Island which is referenced in article 6 of the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, and evidenced unequivocally by the Treaty Status, namely international personality which was subject of the UN Treaty Study conducted by Miguel Alfonso Martinez, is the collective right of nationhood of Indigenous Peoples beyond the contextual constraints of the Westphalian system of sovereignty of states. It is a collective right, similar to how the present UN system of mutual international recognition as sovereign states provides the framework of jurisprudence for the purported jurisdiction of the states individually and then collectively at the global dimension under the dominion of the UN system, the jurisprudence which articulates the nationhood of Indigenous Peoples is also is a projection of jurisdiction at the planetary level, with mutual responsibilities towards the Territorial Integrity of Mother Earth, and the well being of the Future Generations. The distinction being that our Rights of Nationhood emerge from the COGNITION, and then thus RECOGNITION, of our responsibilities as ONE of the Nations (two legged species of kindom) – among ALL of the RELATIONS to whom and with we share as human society collectively, the responsibility to act in complementarity within the equally shared environment of the Natural World.

We are Original Nations of Mother Earth, and will not consent to be diminished or to be dominated under the regime of the government states of the UN system as mere ethnic groups, or minorities.

The UN General Assembly High-level Plenary Meeting 2014 is Not a UN Conference

“You can’t wake somebody up who is pretending to be asleep.”

The passage of UNGA 1514 in 1960 marks the wakeup call to the age of decolonization in terms of the UN system. In consequence, UNGA1541 (1960) which outlined the criteria identifying “non-self governing territories” under section 73(e) of the UN charter also set the framework for the UN Decolonizing Committee which although still operational now some 54 years later, has yet to address substantively the violations of International Law in terms of the Right of Self Determination of Indigenous Peoples within the UN procedures for decolonization.

With the adoption of the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples in 2007, the recognition of Indigenous Peoples as Peoples, equal to all other peoples, establishes for the first time in UN protocols, including the procedures of decolonization, the mandate that all UN programs and plans of action must abide by this standard without exception and that the UN itself is honor bound to uphold the recognition, respect and protection of the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, equal to all other peoples.

The Alta Outcome document of 2013 proclaims unequivocally that the UN HLPM 2014 must be realized in the spirit of full and equal participation of Indigenous Peoples. Again the principle of equality in participation is in terms of equality as Peoples, equal to all other peoples.

In terms of the foregoing context, addressing UN resolution bringing forward the call to convene in High Level Plenary Meeting and simultaneous announce that this plenary would be “known as the World Conference on Indigenous Peoples” the questions must be asked “By whom? And, why?”

· At this point allow me to report to this assembly of the UNPFII that when the question was asked during the deliberations of the Global Indigenous Peoples Caucus conducted on the margins of this years session, “Who among us as Indigenous Peoples has given free, prior and informed consent to name the UN HLPM 2014 as a World Conference on Indigenous Peoples?” When the questioned was asked there was total silence in response and NO ONE came forward in the affirmative.

The concept of a world conference on Indigenous Peoples, when it was first introduced by the Government of Bolivia was an interesting concept. It is an interesting concept, and it will continue to be an interesting concept in the future. But unless the principles of Respect for the Right of Self Determination, Free Prior and Informed Consent, and Equality as Peoples, equal to all other peoples is firmly established in the conception, design, implementation and evaluation of such a conference the result will be what we now have before us: a pretense, a form of international peonage for the Indigenous Peoples to accommodate not a participatory agenda but one that is extractive, discriminatory and unjust.

In evaluating the UN HLPM 2014, the lack of respect and consideration to be considered in Equality as Peoples with all other Peoples in the proceedings is evident from conception, completely absent from the design, not even being considered in the implementation, and there are no mechanisms integrate equality in the evaluation of the HLPM 2014 which is not a UN conference.

The Writing is on the Wall

The HLPM is a semiotic schema (doctrine) being constructed to contextualize the process of INDIGENOUS CONSENT inside the Westphalian System of the Divine Right of States in order to subvert and domesticate the Universal Human Right in International Law of Indigenous Peoples, equal to all other peoples of the world.

We deny consent.

Mapuche Self Determination and the EMRIP Treaty Study: Message to ANDRES ALLAMAND ZAVALA Minister of Foreign Affairs of Chile

ANDRES ALLAMAND ZAVALA

Minister of Foreign Affairs of Chile

Present:

Of our most consideration.

The undersigned, all Mapuche leaders, respectfully address you. As a result of resolution 33/25 of the United Nations Human Rights Council adopted during its 14th session of 2021, where it asks the Expert Mechanism on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples EMRIP, to prepare a "study on the treaties, conventions and other constructive agreements between Indigenous Peoples and States, including peace agreements and reconciliation initiatives, and their constitutional recognition”.

1.- Said resolution is opposed to the study carried out from 1989 to 1999, by the United Nations Special Rapporteur Miguel Alfonso Martínez, "Study on treaties, agreements and other constructive agreements between States and indigenous populations." This valuable study had the active participation of the Indigenous Peoples who held Parliaments/Treaties, among them and as established in the report of the Special Rapporteur, the significant contribution of the Mapuche organization Aukiñ Wallmapu Ngulam-Council of All Lands and the visit to the Mapuche territory of the Special Rapporteur carried out in January 1998.

2.- We regret that the EMRIP Expert Mechanism on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples held a closed-door expert seminar from November 29 to December 1, 2021.

In the same way, the Expert Mechanism will present a draft study during its annual session, which will take place from July 11 to 15, 2022 in Geneva, after which it will be finalized and presented to the Human Rights Council in its 51st session, in September 2022.

4.- We observe that through resolution 33/25 some governments intend to weaken the recognition of Parliaments or Treaties established in two norms of international law, stipulated in article 36.- of the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples and in article 24.- of the American Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples. It should be noted that the resolution of the Human Rights Council has been promoted by the same States that did not support the adoption of the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples during 2007.-

5.- Unfortunately, the resolution mixes completely different legal and political issues, such as "peace agreements and reconciliation initiatives, and their constitutional recognition." In this respect, the Parliaments or Treaties have the principles and legal status similar to the Vienna Conventions, including other topics distorts the historical facts that gave rise to the Parliaments or Treaties.

6.- We emphasize that the Parliaments or Treaties, especially that of Quillen celebrated in 1641 and that of Tapihue celebrated with the Chilean State, in their essence establish and recognize the "Territorial Sovereignty and Mapuche Self-determination".

7.- We put in the background that the Mapuche, under the principle of self-determination, will soon materialize the Parliaments or Treaties in the national and international jurisdictional sphere.

Therefore:

I.- We ask you, in your capacity as Minister of Foreign Affairs of Chile, to instruct the Chilean Mission before international organizations in Geneva. Instruct them not to support the strategy of weakening the Mapuche Parliaments or Treaties and to remain as established by international law.

II.- That the Chilean Mission in Geneva reject any initiative that excludes the participation of Indigenous Peoples whose ancestors held Parliaments or Treaties, considering that it is contrary to the principle of Mapuche self-determination.

Sincerely.

YouTube:

Mensaje de la Nacion Mapuche 31 Enero 2022

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ANDRES ALLAMAND ZAVALA

Ministro de Relaciones Exteriores de Chile

Presente/

De nuestra mayor consideración.

Los abajo firmantes, todos dirigentes Mapuche, nos dirigimos respetuosamente a usted. A raíz de la resolución 33/25 del Consejo de Derechos Humanos de las Naciones Unidas adoptado durante su 14º período de sesiones de 2021, en donde pide al Mecanismo de Expertos sobre los Derechos de los Pueblos Indígenas MEDPI, prepare un “estudio sobre los tratados, convenios y otros acuerdos constructivos entre los Pueblos Indígenas y los Estados, incluidos los acuerdos de paz y las iniciativas de reconciliación, y su reconocimiento constitucional”.

1.- Dicha resolución se contrapone al estudio realizado desde 1989 a 1999, de parte del Relator Especial de Naciones Unidas Miguel Alfonso Martínez, “Estudio sobre los tratados, convenios y otros acuerdos constructivos entre los Estados y las poblaciones indígenas”. Este valioso estudio contó con la participación activa de los Pueblos Indígenas que celebraron Parlamentos/Tratados, entre ellos y tal como lo establece el informe del Relator Especial, el significativo aporte de la organización Mapuche Aukiñ Wallmapu Ngulam-Consejo de Todas las Tierras y la visita al territorio Mapuche del Relator Especial efectuada en enero 1998.

2.- Lamentamos que el Mecanismo de Expertos sobre Derechos de los Pueblos Indígenas MEDPI haya celebrado un seminario de expertos a puerta cerrada del 29 de noviembre al 1 de diciembre 2021.

3.- Del mismo modo el Mecanismo de Expertos presentará un proyecto de estudio durante su período de sesiones anual, que tendrá lugar del 11 al 15 de julio de 2022 en Ginebra, tras lo cual se finalizará y se presentará al Consejo de Derechos Humanos en su 51º período de sesiones, en septiembre de 2022.

4.- Observamos que mediante la resolución 33/25 algunos gobiernos se proponen debilitar el reconocimiento de los Parlamentos o Tratados establecidos en dos normas del derecho internacional, estipulados en el artículo 36.- de la Declaración de Naciones Unidas sobre Derechos de los Pueblos Indígenas y en el artículo 24.- de la Declaración Americana sobre los Derechos de los Pueblos Indígenas. Cabe subrayar que la resolución del Consejo de Derechos Humanos ha sido promovida por los mismos Estados que no apoyaron la adopción de la Declaración de Naciones Unidas sobre Derechos de los Pueblos Indígenas durante 2007.-

5.- Lamentablemente la resolución mezcla cuestiones jurídicas y políticas completamente diferentes como son los “acuerdos de paz y las iniciativas de reconciliación, y su reconocimiento constitucional”. A este respecto, los Parlamentos o Tratados tienen los principios y estatus jurídicos similares a las Convenciones de Viena, incluir otros temas distorsiona los hechos históricos que dieron origen a los Parlamentos o Tratados.

6.- Subrayamos que los Parlamentos o Tratados, en especial el de Quillen celebrado 1641 y el de Tapihue celebrado con el Estado chileno, en su esencia establecen y reconocen la “Soberanía Territorial y la Autodeterminación Mapuche”.

7.- Ponemos en antecedentes que los Mapuche bajo el principio de la autodeterminación, materializaremos próximamente los Parlamentos o Tratados en el ámbito nacional y jurisdiccional internacional.

Por tanto.

I.- Pedimos a usted en su calidad de Ministro de relaciones Exteriores de Chile instruya a la Misión de Chile ante los organismos internacionales en Ginebra. Instruya a que no apoye la estrategia de debilitamiento de los Parlamentos o Tratados Mapuche y se mantenga tal como lo establece el derecho internacional.

II.-Que la Misión de Chile en Ginebra, rechace toda iniciativa que excluye la participación de los Pueblos Indígenas que sus antepasados celebraron Parlamentos o Tratados, considerando que se contrapone al principio de la autodeterminación Mapuche.

Atentamente.

Nacion Mapuche defiende los Parlamentos ante amenaza en la ONU

HOY LUNES 31 DE ENERO, 12:00 Hrs. CONCURRIREMOS A LA GOBERNACION REGIONAL DE LA ARAUCANIA A ENVIAR NOTA AL CANCILLER ANDRES ALLAMAND.

Hoy lunes 31 de enero 2021, a las 12:00 hrs, una delegación de dirigentes Mapuche concurriremos a la Gobernación Regional de la Araucania para presentar una carta al Ministro de Relaciones Exteriores Andres Allamand.

La nota esta referida a la Revision que se propone el Consejo de Derechos Humanos de Naciones Unidas sobre los Parlamentos o Tratados Mapuche.

La resolucion 33/25 del Consejo de Derechos Humanos de Naciones Unidas, representa una amenaza para la implementacion de los Parlamentos o Tratados Mapuche.

Invitamos a todos los medios de comunicacion, considerando que los Mapuche disponen de los Parlamentos que reconocen la Soberania Territorial y el Derecho a la Autodeterminación Mapuche.

Aucan Huilcaman

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Mapuche Nation defends the Mapuche Parliaments (Treaties) before threat in UN system

ARAUCANIA TO SEND A NOTE TO THE FOREIGN MINISTER ANDRES ALLAMAND [Chile]

Today, Monday, January 31, 2021, at 12:00 p.m., a delegation of Mapuche leaders will attend the Araucania Regional Government to present a letter to the Minister of Foreign Affairs, Andres Allamand.

The note refers to the Revision proposed by the United Nations Human Rights Council on Mapuche Parliaments or Treaties.

Resolution 33/25 of the United Nations Human Rights Council represents a threat to the implementation of Mapuche Parliaments or Treaties.

We invite all media, considering that the Mapuche have Parliaments that recognize Territorial Sovereignty and the Right to Mapuche Self-determination.

Aucan Huilcaman

LLAMADO URGENTE A DEFENDER, AFIRMAR Y CAUTELAR LOS PARLAMENTOS O TRATADOS MAPUCHE, ANTE LOS ORGANISMOS MULTILATERALES DE NACIONES UNIDAS.

El Consejo de Derechos Humanos de las Naciones Unidas durante su 14º período de sesiones de 2021, ha adoptado la resolución 33/25, pidiendo al Mecanismo de Expertos sobre los Derechos de los Pueblos Indígenas MEDPI, prepare un “estudio sobre los tratados, convenios y otros acuerdos constructivos entre los pueblos indígenas y los Estados, incluidos los acuerdos de paz y las iniciativas de reconciliación, y su reconocimiento constitucional”.

Dicha resolución se contrapone al estudio realizado desde 1989 a 1999, de parte del Relator Especial de Naciones Unidas Miguel Alfonso Martínez, “Estudio sobre los tratados, convenios y otros acuerdos constructivos entre los Estados y las poblaciones indígenas”. Este valioso estudio contó con la participación activa de los Pueblos Indígenas que sus líderes celebraron Parlamentos/Tratados, entre ellos y tal como lo establece el informe del Relator Especial, el significativo aporte de la organización Mapuche Aukiñ Wallmapu Ngulam-Consejo de Todas las Tierras.

La resolución pide al Mecanismo de Expertos sobre Derechos de los Pueblos Indígenas que celebre un seminario de expertos a puerta cerrada del 29 de noviembre al 1 de diciembre 2021, para iniciar sus trabajos sobre este estudio.

Del mismo modo el Mecanismo de Expertos presentará un proyecto de estudio durante su período de sesiones anual, que tendrá lugar del 11 al 15 de julio de 2022 en Ginebra, tras lo cual se finalizará y se presentará al Consejo de Derechos Humanos en su 51º período de sesiones, en septiembre de 2022.

El mecanismo de expertos ha convocado para presentar contribuciones y deben enviarse por correo electrónico a ohchr-expertmechanism@un.org a más tardar el 31 de enero de 2022, en español, francés o inglés. Las contribuciones deben ser no más de 5 páginas.

Observamos claramente que mediante la resolución 32/25 algunos gobiernos se proponen debilitar el reconocimiento de los Parlamentos o Tratados establecidos en dos normas del derecho internacional, estipulados en el artículo 36.- de la Declaración de Naciones Unidas sobre Derechos de los Pueblos Indígenas y el artículo 24.- de la Declaración Americana sobre los Derechos de los Pueblos Indígenas. Cabe subrayar que la resolución del Consejo de Derechos Humanos ha sido promovida por los mismos Estados que no apoyaron la adopción de la Declaración de Naciones Unidas durante 2007.

Resulta completamente inaceptable que el Mecanismo de Experto MEDPI, efectúe un seminario, sin la participación de los representantes de los Pueblos Indígenas que sus antepasados celebraron los Parlamentos o Tratados, que representa una herencia de alta significación jurídica sobre el derecho a la soberanía territorial y la autodeterminación de los Pueblos Indígenas.

Lamentablemente la resolución mezcla cuestiones jurídicas y políticas completamente diferentes como son los “acuerdos de paz y las iniciativas de reconciliación, y su reconocimiento constitucional”. A este respecto, los Parlamentos o Tratados tienen los principios y estatus jurídicos similares a las Convenciones de Viena, incluir otros temas distorsiona los hechos históricos que dieron origen a los Parlamentos o Tratados.

Subrayamos la estrategia diplomática que hemos establecido entre los Pueblos Indígenas de Canadá, Estados Unidos, Nueva Zelanda y los Mapuche, es decir, con aquellos Pueblos Indígenas que disponemos de los Parlamentos o Tratados para determinar nuestro futuro en el ámbito de la soberanía territorial y la autodeterminación.

Por tanto,

Hacemos un llamado a todas las organizaciones y Comunidades Mapuche Lofche-Mapu que fundan sus actuaciones en la autodeterminación y la soberanía territorial contenidos en los Parlamentos o Tratados Mapuche concertados con el sistema colonial hispano y el Estado Chileno. A que tomemos acciones para cautelar internacionalmente los Parlamentos o Tratados.

Hacemos un llamado urgente a defender, afirmar y cautelar los Parlamentos o Tratados Mapuche tanto de Quillem y Tapihue que reconocen y establecen la soberanía territorial y la autodeterminación del Wallmapuche y que determinará el futuro colectivo Mapuche.

El día 31 de enero de 2022, a las 10:00 AM, nos reuniremos en la cima del Cerro Ñielol, en el Wallmapuche para adoptar una posición común sobre los Parlamentos y trasmitir directamente al Consejo de Derechos Humanos de Naciones Unidas, al Mecanismo de Expertos sobre Derechos de los Pueblos Indígenas, a la Alta Comisionada de los Derechos Humanos y a la Cancillería del Estado Chileno.

Aucan Huilcaman

Naciones Unidas
Reporte Final: Estudio sobre los tratados entre los Estados y Los Pueblos Indigenas 1999

URGENT CALL TO DEFEND, AFFIRM AND PROTECT THE MAPUCHE PARLIAMENTS OR TREATIES BEFORE THE MULTILATERAL ORGANISMS OF THE UNITED NATIONS.

The United Nations Human Rights Council during its 14th session of 2021, has adopted resolution 33/25, requesting the Expert Mechanism on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples EMRIP, to prepare a "study on treaties, conventions and other constructive agreements between indigenous peoples and States, including peace agreements and reconciliation initiatives, and their constitutional recognition”.

This resolution in opposition to the study carried out from 1989 to 1999, by the United Nations Special Rapporteur Miguel Alfonso Martínez, "Study on treaties, agreements and other constructive agreements between States and indigenous populations." This valuable study had the active participation of the Indigenous Peoples whose leaders held Parliaments/Treaties, among them and as established in the report of the Special Rapporteur, the significant contribution of the Mapuche organization Aukiñ Wallmapu Ngulam-Council of All Lands.

The resolution asks the Expert Mechanism on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples to hold a closed-door expert seminar from November 29 to December 1, 2021, to begin its work on this study.

Similarly, the Expert Mechanism will present a draft study during its annual session, which will take place from July 11 to 15, 2022 in Geneva, after which it will be finalized and presented to the Human Rights Council at its 51st session in September 2022.

We clearly observe that through resolution 32/25 some governments intend to weaken the recognition of Parliaments or Treaties established in two norms of international law, stipulated in article 36.- of the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples and the Article 24.- of the American Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples. It should be noted that the resolution of the Human Rights Council has been promoted by the same States that did not support the adoption of the United Nations Declaration during 2007.

It is completely unacceptable that the EMRIP Expert Mechanism holds a seminar, without the participation of the representatives of the Indigenous Peoples whose ancestors celebrated the Parliaments or Treaties, which represents an inheritance of high legal significance regarding the right to territorial sovereignty and the self-determination of indigenous peoples.

Unfortunately, the resolution mixes completely different legal and political issues, such as "peace agreements and reconciliation initiatives, and their constitutional recognition." In this respect, the Parliaments or Treaties have the principles and legal status similar to the Vienna Conventions, including other topics distorts the historical facts that gave rise to the Parliaments or Treaties.

We underline the diplomatic strategy that we have established between the Indigenous Peoples of Canada, the United States, New Zealand and the Mapuche, that is, with those Indigenous Peoples who have Parliaments or Treaties to determine our future in the field of territorial sovereignty and self-determination.

Therefore,

We call on all the Mapuche Lofche-Mapu organizations and Communities that base their actions on self-determination and territorial sovereignty contained in the Mapuche Parliaments or Treaties concluded with the Hispanic colonial system and the Chilean State. That we take actions to protect Parliaments or Treaties internationally.

We make an urgent call to defend, affirm and protect the Mapuche Parliaments or Treaties of both Quillem and Tapihue that recognize and establish the territorial sovereignty and self-determination of the Wallmapuche and that will determine the Mapuche collective future.

On January 31, 2022, at 10:00 AM, we will meet at the top of Cerro Ñielol, in the Wallmapuche to adopt a common position on the Parliaments and transmit directly to the United Nations Human Rights Council, to the Mechanism of Experts on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, the High Commissioner for Human Rights and the Chancellery of the Chilean State.

Aucan Huilcaman