Sunday, October 7, 2018

Global Indigenous Women's Statement 2011: Free, Prior and Informed Consent


Global Indigenous Women’s' Caucus: FPIC
UN Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues, Tenth Session
May 16-27, 2011 
Global Indigenous Women’s Caucus Statement

Agenda Item 3 (c)
Follow-up to the recommendations of the Permanent Forum: 
Free, Prior and Informed Consent


DOWNLOAD PDF

Presented by Quetzalli Enrique, Izkaloteka 

Honorable Madame Chairperson, Members of the UN Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues, distinguished representatives of Indigenous Peoples, sisters and brothers here today,

Genocidal and ethnocidal practices continue to be of concern for Indigenous Peoples, and especially for Indigenous women. As recognized by the Permanent Forum (2nd Session Report, paragraph 81), these practices include programmes for sterilization of indigenous women and girls, the use of indigenous communities as subjects for nuclear testing or storage of radioactive waste, the testing of unapproved drugs on indigenous children and peoples. However, they also include forced displacements, violent conflicts and militarization of Indigenous territories, the discouragement of Indigenous educational systems, and the imposition of development programs and policies on Indigenous territories, as well as extractive industries contributing to environmental degradation. Many of these practices result directly from the violation of the right to free, prior and informed consent. 

RECOMMENDATIONS 

We emphatically reject any attempt to erode our right to free, prior and informed consent as enshrined in the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, recent examples of which are Nagoya Agreement under Convention on Biological Diversity and the so-called “Cancun Agreements” at the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change Conference of the Parties 16.

In light of the divergent and often contradictory interpretations of the right to free, prior and informed consent (FPIC) by UN agencies, government agencies and transnational corporations in their practices, especially in regards to reproductive health and extractive industries, we urge the Permanent Forum to recommend due diligence in relation to indigenous rights and a standardized interpretation of FPIC. These should be done in accordance to the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples and based on the report of the International Workshop of Methodologies regarding Free Prior and Informed Consent and Indigenous Peoples (4th UNPFII Session Report, paragraph 137), the Report of the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights and fundamental freedoms of indigenous peoples (A/HRC/15/37, paragraphs 46-47), the Legal Commentary on the concept of free, prior and informed consent (E/CN.4/Sub.2/AC.4/2005/WP.1), and An Overview of the Principle of Free, Prior, and Informed Consent and Indigenous Peoples in International and Domestic Law and Practices (PFII/2004/WS.2/8).

We recommend that the Permanent Forum continues to urge states, specialized agencies, academics, Indigenous peoples and their organizations to undertake analysis of the implementation of the right to free, prior and informed consent principles and mechanisms regarding projects on indigenous lands and territories, pertaining to extractive industries and sacred sites; and that it encourages them to submit such analyses to the Permanent Forum for consolidation and to identify good practices and barriers (see 6th Session Report, paragraph 19).

Given the importance of preserving and promoting traditional knowledge while respecting Indigenous protocols, including culturally appropriate communication, timing, and scheduling, we call upon the United Nations system and governmental agencies to implement mechanisms and principles to ensure the right to free, prior and informed consent, respecting Indigenous Peoples’ development models, concepts, practices, their social and political structures, particularly their juridical and procedural pluralism, and their right to veto based on their right to self-determination as enshrined in the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, and on Indigenous Peoples’ right to land and permanent sovereignty over natural resources (E/CN.4/Sub.2/AC.4/2005/WP.1, paragraphs 33, 37).

We would like to thank you for your time and consideration of these recommendations.

Global Indigenous Youth Caucus

YouTube:

UN Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues 2011 

Participation of the delegation of Izkaloteka at the UN Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues 2011 at UN headquarters in NY: Intervention on the floor by the Global Indigenous Women’s Caucus on the issue of Free, Prior, and Informed Consent regarding economic development projects which affect the Territories and Human Rights of the Original Nations of Indigenous Peoples of Mother Earth.

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Thursday, October 4, 2018

Hands Off Mother Earth: NO to GeoEngineering - WE DENY CONSENT!

GEOENGINEERING MONITOR

NEWS RELEASE


October 4, 2018


In a widely-supported Manifesto released today, 23 international organizations, six “Alternative Nobel Prize” recipients, and 87 national organizations from five continents called for a halt to testing and political consideration of climate geoengineering. The signatories include Indigenous Peoples’ and farmers’ movements and climate justice and environmental networks, among others. 

The Manifesto is being released in the same week that the Intergovernmental Panel of Experts on Climate Change (IPCC) is meeting in South Korea to debate a new report on how to limit global warming to 1.5 degrees Celsuis. Many predict that the IPCC report will promote the use of controversial and unproven climate geoengineering techniques. 

Climate geoengineering refers to a suite of theoretical large-scale climate change techno-fixes that could have devastating impacts on the environment, ecosystems and communities across the world. Proponents claim that geoengineering would alleviate the symptoms of climate change either by lowering the Earth’s temperatures by blocking some of the sun’s rays or reflecting sunlight back into space, or by capturing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere to store indefinitely underground or in the oceans. 

The concept is largely promoted by a small group of governments, corporations and scientists from the most powerful and polluting countries, who in recent years have been driving geoengineering research; lobbying for geoengineering to be considered as a political response to climate change; and most recently, moving forward open-air experiments to test geoengineering technologies. 

The Manifesto signatories dispute the proclaimed benefits of geoengineering and point to the evidence that all proposed geoengineering technologies present high risks and, if deployed, many could even worsen the impacts of climate change. 

They call for, among other demands:
  • A ban on all geoengineering field experiments and deployment.
  • A stop to all open-air experiments, including: the SCoPEx project in Tucson, Arizona, which proposes to inject sulphate particles and other materials into the atmosphere to test their effectiveness at blocking the sun; the Ice911 project in Alaska, which would scatter millions of tiny glass bubbles over Arctic ice to slow melting and reflect sunlight; the Marine Cloud Brightening project in Monterrey Bay, California, which would inject salt water into the clouds to whiten them and reflect sunlight; and the Oceaneos ocean fertilization project in Chile. All three US experiments are planned on original and traditional Indigenous territories.
  • A stop to all large-scale Carbon Capture and Storage and Direct Air Capture projects because they perpetuate fossil fuel extraction and combustion, and a stop to all Bioenergy with Carbon Capture and Storage projects, which besides being unproven and not technically feasible would have grave consequences for land use, food sovereignty environment and biodiversity.
  • Support for the diversity of alternatives to confront climate change that are already proven and less risky but are sidelined in climate change deliberations.


The movement against geoengineering was born in 2010, when more than 35,000 representatives from climate justice grassroots organizations and popular movements gathered at the World People’s Conference on Climate Change and the Rights of Mother Earth in Cochabamba, Bolivia, and declared their opposition to geoengineering, initiating the “Hands Off Mother Earth” Campaign (HOME Campaign) against geoengineering.
 

Last month in San Francisco, at the Solidarity to Solutions Week devoted to grassroots solutions to climate change, a broad alliance, including the Climate Justice Alliance and the Indigenous Environmental Network, vowed to amplify and reinvigorate the HOME Campaign. This was deemed essential because of the growing presence of climate geoengineering in negotiations and among academics, including the proposals for open air testing of technologies.

A renewed international movement has been launched to stop geoengineering and to stand in solidarity with the communities and organizations resisting geoengineering experiments.
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Download the Manifesto: English, Spanish, French

Press contact:
Trudi Zundel, ETC Group, trudi@etcgroup.org, cell +1 (226) 979 0993
Climate Justice Alliance:
Cynthia Mellon (United States), cynthia@climatejusticealliance.org

Indigenous Environmental Network:
Tom Goldtooth, ien@igc.org

TONATIERRA- Nahuacalli, Embassy of Indigenous Peoples:
Tupac Enrique Acosta (Arizona, United States), chantlaca@tonatierra.org

Friends of the Earth International:
Dipti Bhatnagar (Mozambique), dipti@foei.org; Sara Shaw (London), sara.shaw@foe.co.uk

La Via Campesina: Paula Gioia (Germany), paula.gioia@eurovia.org

ETC Group:
Silvia Ribeiro (Mexico), silvia@etcgroup.org; Neth Daño (Philippines), neth@etcgroup.org

Biofuelwatch:
Rachel Smolker (United States), rsmolker@riseup.net 



For further information:



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Information on geoengineering open-air experiments:
SCoPEx project in Tucson, Arizona

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Ice911 project in Alaska

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Marine Cloud Brightening project in Monterrey Bay, California

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Oceaneos ocean fertilization project in Chile


Quotes from signatories:


Cynthia Mellon, Climate Justice Alliance

“Geoengineering projects are supported by some branches of industry because they claim to offer a fix without having to phase out fossil fuel use or reduce carbon emissions. Geoengineering does nothing to address the root causes of climate change. It is part of an effort to profit from the climate crisis. We should vigorously work to expose the risks involved with these projects and make sure that they are not implemented. Geoengineering takes us down a path that is false, unproductive, and dangerous. We say: Hands off Mother Earth!” 

Karin Nansen, Chair of Friends of the Earth International
“Geoengineering is a dangerous and risky distraction from real solutions to the climate crisis. We need a complete transformation of our energy systems, food systems, economic systems. But rich countries, transnational corporations and other powerful vested interests are desperate to divert our attention from system change, and from radical emissions reductions needed at source. Friends of the Earth International rejects large-scale geoengineering as an unproven technology which could lead to land or resource grabbing and dispossession of local communities.” 

Tom BK Goldtooth, Executive Director, Indigenous Environmental Network
“As Indigenous Peoples, we are unified in our opposition to all forms of geoengineering. As human beings, we are entirely dependent upon our respectful relationship with the natural world. Everything the dominant world does has far reaching consequences that we cannot predict. We are now faced with many of those consequences from the exploitation of the natural world that threaten the future existence of all life on Mother Earth. To assert that human knowledge has advanced so fully that we can predict with absolute certainty that no harm will be a consequence of our actions is categorically false. Our Indigenous traditional teachings, lifestyles, spirituality, cultures and leadership of our people has sustained us for millennia and will do so for countless future generations but only if the world adheres to the Natural Laws of Creation and the Precautionary Principle.” 

Tupac Enrique Acosta, TONATIERRA - General Coordinator Nahuacalli, Embassy of Indigenous Peoples [Arizona, United States]
“From an Indigenous Peoples perspective, the geoengineering projects we see today are a historical extension of a long history of invasions on our territories and cultures, such as the massacres of the Great Plains of the buffalo in the 1800s and the invasion of Mexico by GMO maize products under NAFTA in 1994. Geoengineering projects fall perfectly within the interests of the governmental, financial, and industrial consortia that has caused the ecological devastation, genocide and territorial dispossession of our Original Nations. With today’s geoengineering flagship projects such as SCoPEx in Tucson, we see the sails on the horizon of yet another flotilla of invasions just like the Niña, the Pinta, the Santa Maria – or the Mayflower. This time it is the sky itself that is being commodified and marketed. We stand in solidarity and commitment to the Cochabamba Protocols in defense of the Territorial Integrity of Mother Earth and we say NO to Geoengineering! We deny consent!” 

Silvia Ribeiro, Latin America Director, ETC Group
“Geoengineering proposals are a dangerous combination: carbon dioxide removal technologies that geoengineers propose to remove carbon from the atmosphere aren’t economically feasible, would have devastating impacts for land and environment at the scale required and they will likely not even alleviate climate change. If we pursue them and they fail, geoengineers and climate-polluting governments will then hold up solar radiation management as the only remedy for run-away climate change – a set of highly risky proposals with military origins that can be weaponized. We can see that the US government, the largest historical emitter, is exactly on this track with their mix of climate denialism and aggressive promotion of geoengineering.” 

Rachel Smolker, Co-Director Biofuelwatch, United States
“We know impacts of climate change are dire. Some in the geoengineering clique now claim that the impacts of climate change will be worse even than from geoengineering. But every technofix in the geoengineering arsenal will clearly only make matters worse. Bioenergy with Carbon Capture and Storage (BECCS) is an example: if it were even technically feasible, it would require such vast amounts of biomass that the earth would be denuded of forests and food production would be severely hindered. Also, there is little reason to think that carbon emissions – from fossil fuels or bioenergy – can be securely stored below ground over the long term. We need tried and true solutions including protecting natural ecosystems and supporting community-based conservation initiatives.” 

Vandana Shiva, Navdanya, India
“The mechanical mind of mastery and control is at the root of the ecological crisis, including climate change. It cannot be the basis of addressing the climate problem through more reckless manipulation as geoengineering. As Einstein warned us ‘You cannot solve a problem with the same mindset that created it.’ Our fragile, complex, self-organized Earth cannot be subject to more violent manipulation. In ecological agriculture, which returns organic matter to the soil, we have a non-violent, tested and proven solution to cooling the planet, while growing more and better food.” 

Nnimmo Bassey, Health of Mother Earth (HOME) Foundation, Nigeria “It is unacceptable that while nations suffer the brutal impacts of climate change, profit- driven corporations plan to colonize the sky through geoengineering, deny global warming and lock in climate inaction. The world must be weaned from fossil fuels, cut emissions at source and not permit any manipulation of the climate that has the potential to pile more harm on Africa and other territories.”

Hands Off Mother Earth! 

Manifesto Against Geoengineering  

 

YouTube:

TIME is NOW

Tuesday, October 2, 2018

USMCA Y los Derechos de los Pueblos Indígenas


Sujeto a revisión legal por exactitud, claridad y consistencia
Sujeto a autenticación de idioma



Texto sujeto a revisión legal para asegurar su precisión, claridad y congruencia
Texto sujeto a autenticación de idiomas

CAPÍTULO 32
EXCEPCIONES Y DISPOSICIONES GENERALES

Sección A - Excepciones



Artículo 32.5:
Derechos de los pueblos indígenas


Siempre que dichas medidas no se utilicen como medio arbitrario o injustificado de discriminación contra las personas de las otras Partes o como una restricción encubierta al comercio de bienes, servicios e inversiones, nada en este Acuerdo impedirá a una Parte de adoptar o mantener una medida que considere necesaria para cumplir con sus obligaciones legales para los pueblos indígenas

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Aclaraciones: 

1.) La designación de los Pueblos Indígenas en la USMCA es definitiva, en términos del reconocimiento de los Pueblos Indígenas como "pueblos". En el contexto de la Declaración de las Naciones Unidas sobre los Derechos de los Pueblos Indígenas de 2007, que aún no existía en 1994 durante el acuerdo original del TLCAN, el reconocimiento de los Pueblos Indígenas en un acuerdo comercial internacional necesariamente está acompañado y contextualizado por el reconocimiento de los Derechos de los Pueblos Indígenas como son articulados y afirmados en la Declaración de las Naciones Unidas sobre los Derechos de los Pueblos Indígenas.

2) El principio de no discriminación es una norma preventiva en el derecho internacional. Por lo tanto, el reconocimiento de los Pueblos Indígenas como “pueblos” en el Artículo 32.5 de la USMCA debe tomarse como una afirmación y un compromiso de defender, reconocer, respetar e instituir garantías de protección de los derechos colectivos de los Pueblos Indígenas, igual a todos los demás pueblos, sin discriminación ilegal o arbitraria, incluidas las consecuencias efectivas en forma de medidas legales para hacer frente a la violación de estos derechos. La colonización no debe disfrazarse de desarrollo económico.

3) La consulta no es lo mismo que el consentimiento. La Declaración de las Naciones Unidas sobre los Derechos de los Pueblos Indígenas afirma el derecho de Consentimiento Libre, Previo e Informado de manera culturalmente apropiada para todos los proyectos de desarrollo económico que afecten los territorios y los derechos humanos de los pueblos indígenas.

4) El texto en inglés del acuerdo de USMCA es la única versión disponible en este momento. Si no hay una versión en español, o mucho menos una versión en una de las lenguas indígenas de México, no puede haber una narrativa legítima o racional que pueda explicar cómo los Pueblos Indígenas de México han sido consultados por lo menos con respecto a la protección de sus derechos en el USMCA, mucho menos la oportunidad de aprobar o NEGAR EL CONSENTIMIENTO.



El TLCAN y la Declaración de la ONU sobre los Derechos de los Pueblos Indígenas.

CONCLUSIÓN: 

Hacemos un llamado a los ministros de gobierno en todos los niveles de Canadá, Estados Unidos, y México, y los constituyentes públicos de sus respectivas sociedades para hacer frente sin prejuicios ni discriminación de las aclaraciones anteriores.  Afirmamos que estas aclaraciones obligan la rectificación del crimen del colonialismo y una moratoria sobre todos los proyectos de desarrollo económico dentro del TLCAN que afectan los territorios de las Naciones y Pueblos Indígenas hasta que el Consentimiento Libre, Previo, e Informado de los pueblos indígenas es plenamente reconocido, respetado, y protegido en el espíritu de la Declaración de la ONU sobre los Derechos de los Pueblos Indígenas, de la siguiente manera: 

"Afirmando que los pueblos indígenas son iguales a todos los demás pueblos, …."


  Sin Consulta Indígena,

 Confederacion Tolteca
Anahuac Trade Routes AD 950-1600
CONCLUSION:
We call upon the ministers of government at all levels of Canada-US-Mexico and the public constituencies of their respective societies to address without prejudice or discrimination the above clarifications. We assert that these clarifications command rectification of the crime of colonialism and a moratorium on all NAFTA economic development projects impacting the territories of the Nations and Pueblos of Indigenous Peoples until the right of Free, Prior and Informed Consent of the Indigenous Peoples is fully recognized, respected, and protected in the spirit of the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, as follows:
 
“Affirming that Indigenous Peoples are equal to all other peoples,…..”







USMCA and the Rights of Indigenous Peoples


US Mexico Canada Agreement
Subject to Legal Review for Accuracy, Clarity, and Consistency

Subject to Language Authentication
CHAPTER 32

 EXCEPTIONS AND GENERAL PROVISIONS

Section A – Exceptions
Article 32.5:  Indigenous Peoples Rights
 

Provided that such measures are not used as a means of arbitrary or unjustified discrimination against persons of the other Parties or as a disguised restriction on trade in goods, services, and investment, nothing in this Agreement shall preclude a Party from adopting or maintaining a measure it deems necessary to fulfill its legal obligations to indigenous peoples.
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Clarifications: 

1.)  The designation of Indigenous Peoples in the USMCA is definitive, in terms of the recognition of Indigenous Peoples as “peoples”.  In the context of the 2007 UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, which was not yet place in 1994 during the original NAFTA agreement, the recognition of Indigenous Peoples in an international commercial agreement necessarily is accompanied and contextualized by the recognition of the Rights of Indigenous Peoples as articulated and affirmed in the principles and articles of the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples.

2)  The principle of non-discrimination is a preemptive norm in international law.  Therefore, the recognition of Indigenous Peoples as “peoples’ in USMCA Article 32.5 Indigenous Peoples Rights must be taken as an affirmation and commitment to uphold, recognize, respect, and institute guarantees of protection for the collective rights of Indigenous Peoples, equal to all other peoples, without illegal or arbitrary discrimination, including effective consequences in the form of legal remedies to address the violation of these rights. Colonization must not be disguised as development.

3)  Consultation is not the same as consent.  The UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples affirms the right of Free, Prior and Informed Consent in culturally appropriate manner for all economic development projects that impact the territories and human rights of Indigenous Peoples.

4) The official text in Spanish (or any indigenous language) of the USMCA agreement was never published in Mexico or anywhere else until the date of December 5, 2018 when our organization TONATIERRA requested an official copy at the offices of the Mexican consulate in Phoenix, Arizona. Without having the text of the USMCA agreement in advance, there is no legitimate or rational narrative that can explain how the Indigenous Peoples of Mexico have been consulted at least with respect to the protection of their particular and collective rights in the USMCA, much less taken into account with the opportunity to approve or DENY CONSENT.

Today, once again, the Continental Commission Abya Yala reiterates this call for accountability and justice in indigenous continental solidarity and agreement with the Reconciliation Manifesto of the Indigenous Network on Economies and Trade INET and in the spirit of the Manifesto Abya Yala. Our collective mandate is the defense of the Territorial Integrity of Mother Earth: Time is now.






MEXICO: No Indigenous Consultation, No NAFTA 
Without Indigenous Consultation There Can Be No Treaty 
Today, from the legal point of view, it can be categorically stated that if there is no Indigenous Consultation in Mexico there can be no total or partial renegotiation of the NAFTA that could be deemed valid.  Without the meaningful participation of the Indigenous Peoples of Mexico, there is a set of national and international standards that make the total or partial renegotiation of NAFTA legally impossible.
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The Law of Exceptions: NAFTA and the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples Open Letter to the Ministers of State and the Public Societies of Canada-US-Mexico

 Confederacion Tolteca
Anahuac Trade Routes AD 950-1600
CONCLUSION:

We call upon the ministers of government at all levels of Canada-US-Mexico and the public constituencies of their respective societies to address without prejudice or discrimination the above clarifications. We assert that these clarifications command rectification of the crime of colonialism and a moratorium on all NAFTA economic development projects impacting the territories of the Nations and Pueblos of Indigenous Peoples until the right of Free, Prior and Informed Consent of the Indigenous Peoples is fully recognized, respected, and protected in the spirit of the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, as follows:

“Affirming that Indigenous Peoples are equal to all other peoples,…..”

YouTube:
SWAP Meet at the UN
  Interview with Arthur Manuel

SWAP meet at UN: System Wide Action Plan introduced to subvert and reduce the Right of Self Determination of Indigenous Peoples (EQUAL TO ALL OTHER PEOPLES per UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples 2007) to a bureaucratic mechanism to Manufacture Consent under the domestic rubrics of the states of the Westphalian System of State Sovereignty (1648), now known as the UN system since 1945, per instructions of the High Level Plenary Meeting of the UN General Assembly 2014, AKA the UN World Conference on Indigenous Peoples. WE DENY CONSENT!

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El TLCAN y la Declaración de la ONU sobre los Derechos de los Pueblos Indígenas.

CONCLUSIÓN

Hacemos un llamado a los ministros de gobierno en todos los niveles de Canadá, Estados Unidos, y México, y los constituyentes públicos de sus respectivas sociedades para hacer frente sin prejuicios ni discriminación de las aclaraciones anteriores.  Afirmamos que estas aclaraciones obligan la rectificación del crimen del colonialismo y una moratoria sobre todos los proyectos de desarrollo económico dentro del TLCAN que afectan los territorios de las Naciones y Pueblos Indígenas hasta que el Consentimiento Libre, Previo, e Informado de los pueblos indígenas es plenamente reconocido, respetado, y protegido en el espíritu de la Declaración de la ONU sobre los Derechos de los Pueblos Indígenas, de la siguiente manera:

"Afirmando que los pueblos indígenas son iguales a todos los demás pueblos"